托福考試語法指導(dǎo)：分詞及真題要點解析

1. 分詞具有形容詞特征，可單獨作定語或表語。

　　(1) The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just Joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the 1930*s (93.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?B 動詞respect用來修飾后面的名詞zoologist，故應(yīng)改用分詞respected形式，其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞作定語。

　　(2) A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. (90.1)

　?。鄞穑?C 修飾保詞period應(yīng)用動詞的分詞形式，即fixed。

　　(3) Characteristics of Op Art are the carefully arrange hues and geometric patterns that create optical illusions. (88.5)

　?。鄞鸢福?A 修飾名詞hues，應(yīng)用分詞形式arranged。

　　(4) The question of the origin of the Moon is interest not only in itself but also as a part of the larger genesis of the earth and the solar system 。 (88.5)

　　［答案］ B interest應(yīng)用其分詞interesting形式作表語，作用相當(dāng)于一個形空詞。

　　2. 分詞短語作定語，放置于中心名詞后面

　　解題要點

　　分詞短語作后置定語在TOEEL考題中出現(xiàn)頻率非常高。因而，考生務(wù)必熟記這一結(jié)構(gòu)和用法。實際上，分詞短語作后置定語。皆是定語從句的省略形式。

　　全真例題分析

　　(1) The leaves and stems of the aifaifa plant are the only parts of the plant -------

　　(A) the uses for livestock feed

　　(B) for using livestock feed

　　(D) they are used for livestock feed (93.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?C過去分詞used + 介語短語組成的分詞短語修飾前面的名詞成分the only parts of the plant，作后置定語。此結(jié)構(gòu)亦擴展為定語從句(that are ) used for livestock feed

　　(2) The slide rule used sliding scales with marks ------- numbers and their logarithms。

　　(A) representing

　　(B) represented

　　(D) they are representing (92.10)

　?。鄞鸢福?A 分詞短語作名詞marks的后置定語，作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句：which represent numbers and their logarithms。

　　(3) Earlg philosophers believe that the mind was divided into three faculties ------- s feeling ，intellect and will

　　(A) to know

　　(B) known

　　(D) knew them (94.1)

　　［答案］ B分詞短語known as…說明前面的名詞three faculties。此結(jié)構(gòu)可改寫成定語從句。Which are known as…

　　(4) The bison know for the hump over its shoulders is usually called a buffalo in North America. (91.1)

　　［答案］ A 此句主語是The bison ，謂語是系詞is ，劃線A部分應(yīng)當(dāng)為分詞短語，修飾名詞The bison .A應(yīng)改為known for。

　　(5) Louisa May Alcott is chiefly remembered for Little Women. One of the most popular girls books ever wrote (88.5)

　?。鄞鸢福?D 修飾名詞books應(yīng)用分詞生語ever written。

　　3. 分詞短語作狀語

　　解題要點在句了意義非常清楚明確時，狀語從句通?？梢院喡詾榉衷~短語，但有一個先決條件。此分詞短語的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語為同一人或物，此類分詞短語通常置于句首。

　　全真例題分析

　　(1) ------- as“the census taker of the sky”Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy。

　　(A) Known

　　(B) Knowing

　　(D) Knowledge (92.5)

　?。鄞鸢福?A 分詞短語置于句首作表示身份的狀語。它的邏輯主語即是句子的主語Annie Jump Cannon。

　　(2) ------- in 1635， the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States 。

　　(A) Founded

　　(B) Founding

　　(D) Having founded (92.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?A 分詞短語表示時間，其邏輯主語即是句子主語The Boston Latin School。

　　(3) ------- the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive， a senate， and a house of representatives。

　　(A) In 1827 they drafted

　　(B) The draft in 1827

　　(D) Drafted in 1827 (90.5)

　?。鄞鸢福?D分詞短語作狀語，表示時間。此結(jié)構(gòu)可擴展為一狀語從句；where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate， and a house of representatives。

　　4. 現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動的概念；過去分詞表達(dá)被動的概念

　　全真例題分析

　　(1) Tudging to be the best boxer of his time， sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3 out of 137 fights (94.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?A 此分詞短語與其邏輯上的主語sugar Ray Robinson 是被動的關(guān)系(Sugar was judged to be…) 故應(yīng)用過去詞Tudped to be。

　　(2) During the Colonial days， the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins ，beans， and tobacco. (92.1)

　　［答案］ B通常我們說to be based on ，這個短語表示被動概念(基于，以…為基礎(chǔ))，所以應(yīng)改用過去分詞based。

　　(3) Per capita income is a nation*s entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation. (90.10)

　?。鄞鸢福?B根據(jù)句意及分詞dividing后面的介詞by，可以推斷這個分詞短語表達(dá)的是被動的概念，因此，應(yīng)用過去分詞divided by。

　　(4) Clementine Hunter*s primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries. Included one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C. (93.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?D 分詞in cluded與其邏輯的主語paintings并無被動的關(guān)系，不應(yīng)用過去分詞，應(yīng)改為慣用現(xiàn)在分詞短語in cluding + 名詞賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)

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