金融,顧名思義,融通資金、使資金融洽通達(dá),是指在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中,銀行、證券或保險(xiǎn)業(yè)者從市場主體(例如、儲(chǔ)戶、證券投資者或者保險(xiǎn)者等)募集資金,并借貸給其它市場主體的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。從事這一業(yè)務(wù)的業(yè)者稱之為金融業(yè)者。研究有關(guān)金融的學(xué)科稱之為金融學(xué)。
從廣義上說,政府、個(gè)人、組織等市場主體通過募集、配置和使用資金而產(chǎn)生的所有資本流動(dòng)都可稱之為金融。因此,不僅是金融業(yè)者,有關(guān)政府的財(cái)政,行業(yè)企業(yè)的行為、以及個(gè)人的理財(cái)都是金融的一部分。
IDP項(xiàng)目辦公室專家老師認(rèn)為,金融可以看作為資金的募集、配置、以及投資和融資三類經(jīng)濟(jì)行為。行業(yè)企業(yè)募集資金的方法一般可以分為以下兩類:直接融資:不經(jīng)由銀行,而是通過出售股票、債券等形式從投資者手中獲得資金。 間接融資:通過銀行間接地從投資者手中獲得資金。
金融學(xué)/財(cái)務(wù)學(xué),從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分化出來的,是研究公司、個(gè)人、政府、與其他機(jī)構(gòu)如何招募和投資資金的學(xué)科。傳統(tǒng)的金融學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域大致有兩個(gè)方向:宏觀層面的金融市場運(yùn)行理論和微觀層面的公司投資理論。
2011 U.S.News金融專業(yè)排名
1.University of Pennsylvania
2.University of Chicago (Booth)
3.New York University (Stern)
4.Columbia University
5.Stanford University
6.Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan)
7.Harvard University
7.Northwestern University
7.University of California--Berkeley (Haas)
7.University of California--Los Angeles
11.Duke University (Fuqua)
12.University of Michigan--Ann Arbor (Ross)
13.University of Rochester (Simon)
14.Yale University
15.University of Texas--Austin (McCombs)
16.Carnegie Mellon University (Tepper)
16.Dartmouth College (Tuck)
18.Boston College (Carroll)
19.Cornell University (Johnson)
20.Indiana University--Bloomington (Kelley)
20.St. Joseph‘s University (Haub)
20.University of Southern California (Marshall)
23.Ohio State University (Fisher)
23.Xavier University (Williams)
25.Loyola Marymount University
25.Marquette University
25.Santa Clara University (Leavey)
25.Seattle University (Albers)
25.University of Florida (Hough)
25.University of Maryland--College Park (Smith)
·Accounting 會(huì)計(jì)專業(yè)
·Aerospace Engineering 航天航空工程專業(yè)
·Architecture 建筑學(xué)
·Bioengineering 生物工程專業(yè)
·Biology and Medical Sciences 醫(yī)學(xué)與生物方向
·Chemical engineering 化學(xué)工程
·Chemistry 化學(xué)
·Civil Engineering 土木工程專業(yè)
·Communications Engineering 通信工程
·Communications & Journalism 傳媒/傳播學(xué)
·Criminology and Criminal Justice犯罪學(xué)和刑事司法
·Education 教育專業(yè)
·Electronic Engineering 電氣工程
·Environmental Engineering 環(huán)境工程
·Finance 金融方向
·Financial Engineering 金融工程
·Human Resource Management 人力資源管理
·Industrial Engineering 工業(yè)工程
·LLM 法學(xué)方向
·Marketing 市場營銷專業(yè)
·Materials Science and Engineering 材料工程專業(yè)
·Physics 物理專業(yè)
·Psychology 心理學(xué)專業(yè)
·Supply Chain Management, Logistics 物流專業(yè)
主要研究分支包括
·金融市場學(xué)(Financial market) ·公司金融學(xué)(Corporate Finance)
·金融工程學(xué)(Financial Engineering) ·金融經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(Financial Economics)
·投資學(xué)(Investment) ·貨幣銀行學(xué)(Money, Banking and Economics)
·國際金融學(xué)(International Finance) ·財(cái)政學(xué)(Public Finance)
·保險(xiǎn)學(xué)(Insurance Insurance) ·數(shù)理金融學(xué)(Mathematical Finance)
·金融計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(Financial Econometrics) ·行為金融學(xué)(Behavioral Finance)
就業(yè)與薪酬
1)Financial Managers 金融經(jīng)理
30% 就職于金融保險(xiǎn)行業(yè),例如banks, savings institutions, finance companies, credit unions, insurance carriers, and securities dealers;
8%服務(wù)于聯(lián)邦政府、州政府、地方政府(Federal, State, or local government)
Financial Managers 金融經(jīng)理平均年薪$90,970,年薪最低的10%薪資在$50,290以下,年薪最高的10%薪資$145,600以上。IDP項(xiàng)目辦公室網(wǎng)站留學(xué)專家指出,50%年薪居中,薪資范圍為$66,690 - $125,180,以下是年薪居中的金融經(jīng)理主要從事的職位和薪資:
·Securities and commodity contracts intermediation $131,730
·Management of companies and enterprises 105,410
·Nondepository credit intermediation 86,340
·Local government 72,790
·Depository credit intermediation 72,580
directors of finance金融總監(jiān)年薪范圍$79,000 - $184,000
corporate controllers 企業(yè)管理人員年薪范圍為$61,250 - $149,250
2)personal financial advisors私人財(cái)務(wù)顧問
50%就職于金融和保險(xiǎn)行業(yè),包括證券與商品經(jīng)紀(jì)、銀行、保險(xiǎn)公司、金融投資公司(finance and insurance industries, including securities and commodity brokers, banks, insurance carriers, and financial investment firms)
30%自行創(chuàng)業(yè),開辦小型投資咨詢公司(self-employed, operating small investment advisory firms, usually in urban areas)
IDP項(xiàng)目辦公室留學(xué)專家介紹,personal financial advisors私人財(cái)務(wù)顧問的平均年薪是 $66,120,年薪最低的10%薪資在$32,340以下,年薪最高的10%薪資在$145,600以上。 年薪居中的50%薪資范圍為$44,130 - $114,260。
3)financial analysts 財(cái)務(wù)分析師
40%就職于金融和保險(xiǎn)行業(yè),包括證券與商品經(jīng)紀(jì)、銀行、信貸機(jī)構(gòu)以及保險(xiǎn)公司(finance and insurance industries, including securities and commodity brokers, banks and credit institutions, and insurance carriers)
其他就職于私企和政府(private industry and government)
financial analysts 財(cái)務(wù)分析師的平均年薪是 $66,590,年薪最低的10%薪資在$40,340以下,年薪最高的10%薪資在$130,130以上。 年薪居中的50%薪資范圍為$50,700-$90,690。
4)Insurance underwriters保險(xiǎn)商
64%就職于保險(xiǎn)公司(Insurance carriers)
其他主要就職于保險(xiǎn)代理機(jī)構(gòu)或?yàn)楸kU(xiǎn)公司和保險(xiǎn)客戶提供服務(wù)的機(jī)構(gòu)(insurance agencies or organizations that offer insurance services to insurance companies and policyholders).
少部分保險(xiǎn)商就職于銀行、抵押貸款公司以及房地產(chǎn)公司經(jīng)營的代理機(jī)構(gòu)(agencies owned and operated by banks, mortgage companies, and real estate firms).
Insurance underwriters保險(xiǎn)商的平均年薪是$52,350,年薪最低的10%薪資在$32,270以下,年薪最高的10%薪資在$92,240以上。 年薪居中的50%薪資范圍為$40,000-$71,070。
就職于保險(xiǎn)公司(insurance carriers)的保險(xiǎn)商(Insurance underwriters)平均年薪是$52,900, 從事代理、經(jīng)濟(jì)以及其他與保險(xiǎn)業(yè)相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)(agencies, brokerages, and other insurance related activities)的保險(xiǎn)商(Insurance underwriters)平均年薪是$51,820.
5)Loan Officers 信貸員
90%就職于商業(yè)銀行、儲(chǔ)蓄所、信用合作社以及相關(guān)金融機(jī)構(gòu)(commercial banks, savings institutions, credit unions, and related financial institutions)
Loan Officers 信貸員平均年薪是 $51,760,年薪最低的10%薪資在$29,590以下,年薪最高的10%薪資在$107,040以上。 年薪居中的50%薪資范圍為$37,590 -$73,630。以下是年薪居中的信貸員主要從事的職位和薪資
Activities related to credit intermediation $54,880
Other nondepository credit intermediation 52,250
Nondepository credit intermediation 52,100
Depository credit intermediation 48,900
院校舉例
University of Chicago 芝加哥大學(xué)
·2011年 US NEWS金融碩士專業(yè)排名第2位
·2011年 US NEWS綜合排名第4位
·學(xué)校所在地:伊利偌依斯州(IN),芝加哥市(Chicago)
芝加哥大學(xué)是一所私立、男女同校、無宗教派別的綜合性大學(xué),是美國中西部最富盛名的私立大學(xué)之一,校園占地約200英畝,其哥特式建筑古香古色。芝大提出的旨在防止學(xué)術(shù)課程和職業(yè)課程過分專門化的“芝加哥計(jì)劃”,對(duì)其他大學(xué)的本科教育計(jì)劃產(chǎn)生生巨大影響。芝大的學(xué)術(shù)單位包括大學(xué)學(xué)院部、4所研究生院,7所專業(yè)研究學(xué)院、大學(xué)進(jìn)修部、芝大出版社、圖書館及各學(xué)術(shù)中心、委員會(huì)和研究所等。IDP項(xiàng)目辦公室留學(xué)專家介紹,芝大學(xué)院部是小型的私立寄宿學(xué)校,用于培養(yǎng)本科生,學(xué)制4年,授文學(xué)士和理學(xué)士學(xué)位。該部由5個(gè)學(xué)院組成,它們是生物科學(xué)、人文學(xué)科、自然科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)和新大學(xué)學(xué)院。
相關(guān)專業(yè)所在的院系,課程設(shè)置 Booth School of Business,The University of Chicago
研究生入學(xué)基本條件:
TOEFL>104,每部分26分以上;或者雅思>7, 各部分要求7分
GRE is preferred; GMAT is acceptable;無具體要求(There is no minimum cutoff score for the GRE/GMAT in order for your file to be reviewed)
GPA>3.0
Department of Mathematics
在數(shù)學(xué)系下設(shè)有金融數(shù)學(xué)碩士專業(yè):Master of Science in Financial Mathematics
錄取要求:
背景要求:A solid background in Mathematics comparable to a bachelor of science degree in mathematics or another field of physical sciences is essential. You should have solid knowledge of multivariable calculus, linear algebra and differential equations. Computer programming ability, especially in Matlab and C++, is also useful and is essential in working afterwards.. Some exposure to probability and statistics is also useful.
·industrial experience. A bit of experience has the effect of making you confident that this is the career you really want. This requirement is more flexible than the need for mathematical competence.
·Both the GRE General Test and the GRE Math Subject Tests are required. However, if you received your bachelor’s degree prior to June of 2005, you are exempt from any GRE requirements. We do not require (and are not interested in) other exam scores, such as GMAT..
·TOEFL>104,每部分26分以上; 雅思最低要求:7分,各部分要求7分
課程設(shè)置
·Mathematics ·Probability and Stochastics ·Financial Applications ·Economics
·Probability Theory & Economics ·Financial Applications & Simulations ·Computation in Finance ·Mathematical Foundations of Option Pricing
·Stochastic Calculus ·Portfolio Theory and Risk Management I ·Fixed Income Derivatives ·Programming
·Numerical Methods ·Data Analysis and Statistics ·Foreign Exchange ·Statistical Risk Management
·Topics in Economics ·Advanced Option Pricing